Hoochie Coochie Birthday

On this date one hundred eleven years ago a baby might have been born in west central Mississippi who would become one of the most influential figures in American music and helped lay the groundwork for rock ‘n roll. We say “might” because record-keeping was spotty in the early 20th century for black people in the rural south, and the man himself gave conflicting information about his origins. 

Date and place aside, Muddy Waters’s impact on American music is indisputable. He brought Mississippi Delta blues north and electrified and amplified it in the 1940s, becoming the King of Chicago Blues. He toured England in the late ‘50s and introduced the music to British kids, including lads who used the title of one of his best known songs, “Rollin’ Stone,” to name their band. He recorded blues classics such as “I’m Ready,” “Hoochie Coochie Man,” “Mannish Boy” and “I Can’t Be Satisfied.” He influenced scores of musicians in the 1960s and ‘70s, who played his songs and performed with him and incorporated his style into their own. He assembled great bands with performers who became household names within the blues and rock communities. 

He was born McKinley Morganfield and grew up on the Stovall Plantation near Clarksdale, Miss., raised by his grandmother when his mother died shortly after his birth. His grandmother, Della Grant, gave him the nickname “Muddy” as a youngster because he often played in a nearby creek. “Waters” was added later when he began playing music at local houses and juke joints. 

He taught himself to play harmonica and guitar and was influenced by Delta musicians such as Robert Johnson and Son House and Charley Patton. He worked the fields and drove a tractor during the day and performed nights and weekends. Waters’s big break came in Aug. 1941 when archivist Alan Lomax came to Mississippi to record Delta blues musicians on behalf of the Library of Congress, recording him and several others on the porch of his shack. 

When Lomax played the recording for Muddy, the musician’s mind was blown. He told Rolling Stone magazine years later that his first recording sounded like anyone else’s he had heard, and he began to think that he could be a professional musician. Two years later, he moved to Chicago, part of the immense migration of black people north and west from 1915-1970 (If you’re interested in a broad social, cultural and economic examination of the Great Migration, I highly recommend “The Warmth of Other Suns” by Isabel Wilkerson). He began playing in Chicago clubs and shortly thereafter bought his first electric guitar and plugged into amps, because he said acoustic instruments couldn’t be heard over the din of crowded, noisy clubs. 

Waters began recording in the late 1940s with a new label called Aristocrat Records started by brothers Phil and Leonard Chess that later became the iconic Chess Records. His first notable band included harmonica whiz Little Walter Jacobs, pianist Otis Spann, guitarist Jimmy Rogers and bassist and songwriter Willie Dixon, who penned several of Muddy’s signature tunes. He toured England and came home to perform at the acclaimed Newport Jazz Festival and record one of the first live blues albums, “Live at Newport 1960,” which includes a killer version of “Got My Mojo Workin’.” 

Waters experienced a lean period during the 1960s, as record executives attempted to marry his sound with harder-edged rock. But in the late ‘60s and extending through the remainder of his life (he died in 1983), he returned to his roots with numerous collaborations, tours and records with those he influenced, among them people such as Eric Clapton, Mike Bloomfield, Paul Butterfield, Buddy Guy and Johnny Winter. The Stones’ Mick Jagger, Keith Richard and Ronnie Wood appeared with Muddy at the famous southside Chicago club the Checkerboard Lounge in 1981. 

The dilapidated sharecropper’s shack where Waters grew up became a tourist attraction in the 1980s before its remains were moved to the Delta Blues Museum in Clarksdale. When ZZ Top guitarist Billy Gibbons visited the old shack, he was encouraged to take a couple of planks, which he had fashioned into guitars known as “Muddywood.” They were used to raise funds for the museum and where one is also on display. Clapton once said, in a quote that appears on a plaque at the site of the old shack: “Muddy Waters’ music changed my life, and whether you know it or not, or like it or not, it probably changed yours, too.”